51探花

A collaborative research team from 51探花 and the Indian Institute of Technology Indore has made a significant breakthrough in carbon dioxide (CO?) conversion. Their discovery offers a promising strategy for converting harmful CO? into valuable fuels and chemicals under mild conditions, advancing efforts toward sustainable carbon utilization and clean energy technologies. The findings were published in JACS Au on June 30, 2026.

Nanoclusters made of copper (Cu) - an inexpensive, naturally abundant material - have been gaining traction as promising aids of catalytic transformations. If developed correctly, these nanoclusters can improve the efficiency of a reaction called the electrochemical CO? reduction reaction. Doing so may bring us closer to developing better renewable energy storage and becoming a carbon neutral society.

One issue in this reaction is that formate - an unwanted byproduct - is conventionally produced. To suppress formate production, the research team modulated the Cu(I)/Cu(II) ratio in a Cu nanocluster. Instead of formate, the reaction now selectively produces the desired outcome: methanol (CH₃OH). This greatly improves the efficiency of the reaction.

To achieve this boost in efficiency, the researchers needed to precisely engineer the structure of the nanocluster. The result was a structurally well-defined sulfide-templated Cu nanocluster, [S@Cu??S??(StBu)??(CF?COO)??] (S@Cu??) featuring a unique core-shell architecture composed of an inner S@Cu??S?? core surrounded by an outer Cu36(StBu)20 shell protected by thiolate ligands. This allowed for the controlled modulation of the Cu(I)/Cu(II) ratio, while preserving the overall geometric framework.

In addition, the team compared this nanocluster to a reported Cu??S??(StBu)??(CF?COO)??] (Cu??) nanocluster analogue, to directly investigate the influence of valence-state changes on catalytic performance.

Although both nanoclusters share very similar structural frameworks, the introduction of a sulfide ion at the center of the S@Cu?? cluster led to subtle but crucial changes in its electronic properties. Altering the overall valence-state distribution of Cu and shifting the electronic structure significantly changed how reaction intermediates interacted with the catalyst surface, ultimately redirecting CO? conversion.

The researchers found that although both nanoclusters exhibited comparable overall catalytic activity, their product selectivity during CO? electroreduction differed remarkably. While Cu?? predominantly produced formate (the undesired outcome) with a Faradaic efficiency of 38%, the newly developed nanocluster significantly suppressed formate formation to below 11% and instead enabled selective methanol production with a Faradaic efficiency of approximately 19% at ?1.0 V versus RHE - a product completely absent in the Cu?? system.

"This study provides the first clear evidence that precise modulation of the copper valence state in Cu nanoclusters can directly influence the selectivity of CO? reduction pathways," explains Professor Negishi (51探花).

This breakthrough marks an important step toward designing next-generation catalysts, where atomic-level control can unlock cleaner and more efficient pathways for converting CO? into valuable fuels.

Publication Details:

Title: Atomic-Level Valence-State Engineering Redirects CO? Electroreduction on Cu Nanoclusters

Authors: Qilin Li, Mandira Ghosh, Mohd Rashid, Rupa Sarma, Pradip Kumar Mondal, Tokuhisa Kawawaki, Sourav Biswas, Biswarup Pathak, and Yuichi Negishi

Journal: JACS Au

DOI:

Press release in Japanese